kể trên

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The Vietnamese word "kể trên" translates to "above-mentioned" or "above-said" in English. It is used to refer to something that has already been mentioned earlier in a conversation or text.

Usage Instructions:

• You typically use "kể trên" when you want to reference points, ideas, or items that have been previously discussed or listed.
• It often appears in formal writing or speech, such as reports, letters, or academic discussions.

Example:

• "Xin xem những điểm kể trên."
  • Translation: "Please see the above points."

Advanced Usage:

• In more formal contexts, "kể trên" can be used in legal documents or official statements to ensure clarity about what has been referred to earlier.
• For example: "Các điều khoản kể trên là rất quan trọng."
  • Translation: "The above-mentioned terms are very important."

Word Variants:

• "Kể" means "to tell" or "to narrate," while "trên" means "above" or "on top of." Together, they imply "telling about what has been mentioned above."

Different Meanings:

• "Kể trên" primarily retains the meaning of referring to previous mentions. However, in different contexts, it could imply a summary or reiteration of points previously stated.

Synonyms:

• "Đã nói" (already said)
• "Đã đề cập" (already mentioned)
• "Như đã nêu" (as stated above)

Conclusion:

"Kể trên" is a useful phrase in Vietnamese for indicating that you are referring to something previously mentioned. It helps ensure that the listener or reader knows exactly what you are talking about without the need for repetition.

Academic

1. Above-mentioned, above-said, above
   • Xin xem những điểm kể trên
     Please see the above points